The image contains illustrations and text related to the human digestive and urinary systems. **Digestive System Illustration (Figure 1.12):** This is a diagram of the human male digestive system, showing the organs from the mouth to the anus. Labeled components include: Salivary gland, Mouth, Pharynx, Oesophagus, Liver, Stomach, Pancreas, Large intestine, Small intestine, Rectum, and Anus. **Urinary System Illustration (Figure 1.13):** This is a diagram of the human female urinary system, showing the kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethra. Labeled components include: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder, and Urethra. **Textual Content:** The text discusses: * **Metabolism:** Defining it as the sum total of chemical activity in the body, comprising anabolism (building) and catabolism (breaking down). It mentions that carbohydrates and fats are primary sources of energy, with proteins used in short supply. * **Elimination of waste:** This section begins with **Carbon dioxide**, describing it as a waste product of cellular metabolism excreted by the respiratory system, which dissolves in water to form carbonic acid. It then moves to **Urine**, explaining it is formed by the kidneys as part of the urinary system (referencing Ch. 13 and Figure 1.13). * **Protection and survival:** This section outlines relevant activities under headings such as protection against the environment, resistance and immunity, and reproduction. It specifically mentions **Protection against the external**, describing the skin (dermis) as having two layers. * **Faeces:** This subsection describes faeces as waste materials from the digestive system excreted from the alimentary canal, consisting of indigestible food residue, bile from the liver, and microbes. It notes that the elimination of faeces is also controlled by the nervous system. The image does not contain any information or visual elements related to the city of Jalingo, Nigeria. in Jalingo, Nigeria

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Jun 30, 2026, 5:15 PM

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The image contains illustrations and text related to the human digestive and urinary systems. **Digestive System Illustration (Figure 1.12):** This is a diagram of the human male digestive system, showing the organs from the mouth to the anus. Labeled components include: Salivary gland, Mouth, Pharynx, Oesophagus, Liver, Stomach, Pancreas, Large intestine, Small intestine, Rectum, and Anus. **Urinary System Illustration (Figure 1.13):** This is a diagram of the human female urinary system, showing the kidneys, ureter, bladder, and urethra. Labeled components include: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder, and Urethra. **Textual Content:** The text discusses: * **Metabolism:** Defining it as the sum total of chemical activity in the body, comprising anabolism (building) and catabolism (breaking down). It mentions that carbohydrates and fats are primary sources of energy, with proteins used in short supply. * **Elimination of waste:** This section begins with **Carbon dioxide**, describing it as a waste product of cellular metabolism excreted by the respiratory system, which dissolves in water to form carbonic acid. It then moves to **Urine**, explaining it is formed by the kidneys as part of the urinary system (referencing Ch. 13 and Figure 1.13). * **Protection and survival:** This section outlines relevant activities under headings such as protection against the environment, resistance and immunity, and reproduction. It specifically mentions **Protection against the external**, describing the skin (dermis) as having two layers. * **Faeces:** This subsection describes faeces as waste materials from the digestive system excreted from the alimentary canal, consisting of indigestible food residue, bile from the liver, and microbes. It notes that the elimination of faeces is also controlled by the nervous system. The image does not contain any information or visual elements related to the city of Jalingo, Nigeria.

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