The image captures a large, informal refuse accumulation on a sloped, reddish-brown earthen terrain in Rafin Bauna, Nigeria

The image captures a large, informal refuse accumulation on a sloped, reddish-brown earthen terrain in Rafin Bauna, Nigeria. The ground is extensively covered with diverse debris, including numerous plastic bags (various colors such as black, yellow, and clear), plastic bottles, food wrappers, cardboard fragments, and other household waste. Prominent dark, charred areas are visible across the slope, indicating prior burning of waste. In the upper left quadrant, a dilapidated masonry structure, composed of dark concrete blocks, partially defines the scene. This structure exhibits visible mortar lines, irregular edges where it has crumbled, and several small, dark openings or recesses. Sparse, dry vegetation, along with a few green shoots, protrudes from the refuse and near the base of the wall. The scene is illuminated by daylight. No individuals, animals, or active interactions are visible.